A COVID-19 Public Transport Frequency Setting Model That Includes Short-Turning Options

The COVID-19 pandemic has had an enormous impact on the public transport sector. After start of pandemic, passenger demand dropped significantly for services. In addition, social distancing measures have resulted in introducing pandemic-imposed capacity limitations to vehicles. Consequently, operators should adjust their planning minimize pandemic. This study introduces a mixed-integer quadratic program that sets optimal frequencies lines and sublines order conform with capacity. focus is cases where high, but crowding levels inside vehicles remain below capacities. Of particular interest are skewed profiles can benefit from introduction short-turning serve high-demand line segments. frequency setting model tested network containing two bus Twente region Netherlands, it demonstrates revenue losses due be reduced when implementing service patterns.